The world’s first modern novel is Spanish

Who Knew?

One of the most famous works of literature in the world, Don Quijote de la Mancha, is often credited as the first modern novel. Written by the Spanish author Miguel de Cervantes, it was published in two parts—1605 and 1615—and is considered one of the most influential pieces of literature in history. The novel follows the adventures of Don Quijote, a man who, inspired by reading too many chivalric romances, sets out to become a knight-errant. He is joined by his loyal squire, Sancho Panza, as they embark on a series of misadventures, most notably his famous battle with windmills that he believes to be giants.

Don Quijote

What makes Don Quijote the first modern novel is its departure from traditional storytelling techniques of the time. Unlike the simple tales of knights and their heroic deeds, Cervantes introduced a more complex narrative structure, blending realism and fantasy. The characters in Don Quijote are multifaceted, with Don Quijote himself being a dreamer whose ideals are at odds with the real world, while Sancho Panza, his squire, provides a more grounded, pragmatic perspective. This contrast between the two characters creates a rich, layered narrative that explores themes of idealism versus reality, perception versus truth, and the nature of human existence.

Another reason Don Quijote is seen as the first modern novel is because of its exploration of individual character development. In earlier literature, characters were often flat or one-dimensional, but in Don Quijote, Cervantes created complex, evolving characters who are not perfect or idealized. Don Quijote is both noble and ridiculous, and his journey is a mix of heroic actions and comical misunderstandings. Sancho, on the other hand, starts out as a simple, down-to-earth farmer but grows in wisdom and understanding throughout the story. This focus on character depth and development became a hallmark of modern novels.

The impact of Don Quijote on literature cannot be overstated. It not only laid the groundwork for the modern novel but also influenced countless writers, from the works of Charles Dickens and Fyodor Dostoevsky to contemporary authors. Cervantes' innovative use of narrative style, character development, and philosophical exploration made Don Quijote a timeless classic. It remains a critical part of Spanish literature and is studied and appreciated worldwide for its profound influence on storytelling and its unique take on the human experience.